Bitewe n’uko umuryango ugeze mu za bukuru ukomeje kwiyongera, ibikoresho by’ingendo bitagira inzitizi byagiye byinjira buhoro buhoro mu buzima bw’abageze mu za bukuru benshi, kandiamagare y'abamugaye akoresha amashanyarazibyahindutse ubwoko bushya bw'ubwikorezi bukunze kugaragara cyane mu muhanda.

Hari amoko menshi y'amagare y'abamugaye akoresha amashanyarazi, kandi igiciro kiri hagati ya yuan zirenga 1.000 na yuan 10.000. Kuri ubu, hari ubwoko burenga 100 bw'ibirango ku isoko, bifite imiterere itandukanye, ibikoresho n'ubwiza.

Nigute wahitamo intebe y'abamugaye ikoresha amashanyarazi ikubereye, nigute wakwirinda inzira zo kunyuramo mu gihe uguze intebe z'abamugaye zikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi ntugwe mu "mwobo"?

Ubwa mbere, menya ibyerekeye amagare y'abamugaye akoresha amashanyarazi.

Icyiciro cya 01 cy'intebe z'abamugaye zikoresha amashanyarazi

Icyiciro cya 1: Intebe y'abamugaye ikoresha amashanyarazi yo mu nzu

Umuvuduko usabwa kugenzurwa kuri kilometero 4.5 ku isaha. Muri rusange, ingano y'ubu bwoko ni nto kandi imbaraga za moteri ni nke, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko ubuzima bwa batiri y'ubu bwoko butazaba burebure cyane. Umukoresha ahanini arangiza ubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi mu nzu ye bwite. Mu izina ry'icyitegererezo cy'igicuruzwa, gihagarariwe n'inyuguti nkuru N.

Icyiciro cya kabiri: amagare y'abamugaye akoresha amashanyarazi yo hanze

Umuvuduko urakenewe kugira ngo ugenzurwe kuri kilometero 6 ku isaha. Ingano rusange y'ubu bwoko ni nini, imiterere y'umubiri ni minini kurusha ubwoko bwa mbere, ubushobozi bwa bateri nabwo ni bwinshi, kandi igihe bateri imara ni kirekire. Mu izina ry'icyitegererezo cy'ibicuruzwa, igaragazwa n'inyuguti nkuru W.

Icyiciro cya gatatu:amagare y'abagendera mu modoka akoresha amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bw'umuhanda

Umuvuduko ni mwinshi cyane, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa usabwa nturenze kilometero 15 ku isaha. Moteri ikunze gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi, kandi amapine nayo arabyimba kandi akagurwa. Muri rusange, bene ibi binyabiziga bifite amatara yo hanze n'ibimenyetso by'ubuyobozi kugira ngo bigenzure umutekano w'imodoka mu muhanda. Mu izina ry'icyitegererezo cy'ibicuruzwa, kigaragazwa n'inyuguti nkuru L mu gishinwa cya Pinyin.

Ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2012, Ubushinwa bwasohoye itegeko rigenga GB/T12996-2012 ku rwego rw'igihugu ku ntebe z'abamugaye zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ku ntebe z'abamugaye zikoresha amashanyarazi zo mu nzu, hanze no mu muhanda, amazina y'icyitegererezo, ibisabwa ku buso, ibisabwa mu guteranya, ingano n'ibisabwa mu mikorere, ibisabwa mu mbaraga, kutagira inkongi z'umuriro, ibisabwa mu mihindagurikire y'ikirere, ingufu n'uburyo bwo kugenzura hamwe n'uburyo bwo gupima hamwe n'amategeko agenga igenzura, inyandiko n'amakuru atangazwa, ibisabwa mu gushyira ibimenyetso no gupakira ku ntebe z'abamugaye byose birasobanuwe kandi birasabwa.

Abaguzi benshi ntibazi byinshi ku bijyanye n'ikinyabiziga gikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kwa muganga, kandi basuzuma ubwiza bw'iki gikoresho cyo mu bucuruzi bw'ikoranabuhanga gusa, bareba gusa imiterere cyangwa ingano y'ibicuruzwa byacyo kugeza igihe batumije. Ariko, abakoresha benshi bazabona ahantu henshi hatameze neza nyuma yo kwakira ibicuruzwa.

Iyo abantu benshi baguze amagare yabo ya mbere y’amashanyarazi, akenshi batangira gusa mu buryo bworoshye gutwara, kandi bakareba uburyo bworoshye, uburyo bwo kuzingira, n’uburyo abikwa mu gikapu, n’ibindi, kandi ntibatekereze ku kibazo mu buryo bujyanye n’ibyo abakoresha bakeneye buri munsi.

Ihumure, imbaraga, igihe batiri y'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi ikora, kimwe n'uko imodoka yose ihagaze neza kandi ikagenzurwa, akenshi biba nyuma y'amezi make, nyuma y'igihe runaka ikoreshwa, umuryango uzabona ibitekerezo.

Abakoresha benshi bazatekereza no kugura amagare y'abamugaye akoresha amashanyarazi ku nshuro ya kabiri. Nyuma yo kubona uburambe bwa mbere, bashobora gusobanukirwa neza ibyo bakeneye no kubona amagare y'abamugaye akoresha amashanyarazi abakwiriye. Ibyinshi mu bicuruzwa bya kabiri bigurwa ni imiterere yo hanze. ifite ubwoko bw'umuhanda.

02 Imiterere y'ikigare cy'abagendera mu magare gikoresha amashanyarazi

Akagare gakoresha amashanyarazi kagizwe ahanini n'ibi bikurikira: icyuma gikuru, umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, moteri, bateri, n'ibindi bikoresho nk'agasanduku k'inyuma k'intebe.

Hanyuma, reka turebe buri gice cy'ibikoresho ~

1. Urufunguzo rw'ingenzi

Urufunguzo rw'ingenzi rugena imiterere y'inyubako, ubugari bw'inyuma, ubugari bw'intebe, uburebure bw'inyuma, uburebure bw'inyuma n'imikorere y'ikigare cy'abamugaye gikoresha amashanyarazi.

Ibikoresho bishobora kugabanywamo imiyoboro y'icyuma, aloyine ya aluminiyumu, aloyine ya titaniyumu yo mu kirere, kandi bimwe mu bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bitangira gukoresha ibikoresho bya fibre ya karuboni. Ibikoresho byinshi bikunze gukoreshwa ku isoko ni imiyoboro y'icyuma n'aloyine ya aluminiyumu.

Igiciro cy'ibikoresho by'imiyoboro y'icyuma kiri hasi ugereranyije, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyitwara si bubi. Ingorane ni uko ari nini, yoroshye kuyingiza no kuyihindura mu mazi no mu bidukikije bitose, kandi imara igihe gito.

Igare ry’abamugaye rikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi rikoresha ibyuma bya aluminiyumu, byoroshye kurusha imiyoboro y’icyuma kandi birwanya ingese cyane.

Ingufu, ubworoherane n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho bya titaniyumu yo mu kirere ni byiza kurusha bibiri bya mbere. Ariko, bitewe n'igiciro cy'ibikoresho, ubu ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu ntebe z'abamugaye zikoresha amashanyarazi zigezweho kandi zigendanwa, kandi igiciro cyayo kirahenze cyane.

Uretse ibikoresho by'inyuma y'icyuma, ibisobanuro by'ibindi bice by'umubiri w'imodoka n'uburyo bwo gusudira bigomba no kwitabwaho, nko: ibikoresho byose by'inyongera, ubunini bw'ibikoresho, niba utuntu duto duto, niba utudomo two gusudira duhwanye, kandi uko utudomo two gusudira dufatanye, niko birushaho kuba byiza. Amategeko agenga imiterere nk'iy'imigozi y'amafi ni yo meza, yitwa kandi gusudira imigozi y'amafi mu nganda, kandi iyi nzira ni yo ikomeye cyane. Niba igice cyo gusudira kidahuje cyangwa hari ukuva kw'imigozi, bizagenda bigaragara nk'akaga gakomeye mu mutekano iyo ukoresheje igihe.

Uburyo bwo gusudira ni ingenzi mu kureba niba ibicuruzwa bikorwa n'uruganda runini, niba ari ibintu bikomeye kandi byita ku nshingano, kandi bigakora ibicuruzwa bifite ubwiza n'ubwinshi bwo hejuru.

2. Umugenzuzi

Akadomo kagenzura ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'akadomo k'amashanyarazi, kimwe n'uruziga rw'imodoka, ubwiza bwako bugena mu buryo butaziguye uburyo kagenzurwa n'igihe kamara. Akadomo kagenzura muri rusange gagabanyijemo ibice bibiri: akadomo ko hejuru n'akadomo ko hasi.

Ibyuma byinshi bigenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bigizwe n’ibikoresho byo hejuru n’ibyo hasi, kandi ibyuma byinshi byo mu gihugu bifite ibikoresho byo hejuru gusa. Ibyuma bigenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bikoreshwa cyane ni Dynamic Controls na PG Drives Technology. Ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ni bwiza kurusha ubw'ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu, kandi igiciro n'igiciro nabyo biri hejuru. Muri rusange biba bifite intebe z'abamugaye zikoresha amashanyarazi ziciriritse n'izigezweho.

Kugira ngo urebe neza ubwiza bw'icyuma gipima ubuziranenge, ushobora kugerageza ibikorwa bibiri bikurikira:

1) Fungura switch y'amashanyarazi, kanda kuri controller, hanyuma wumve niba gutangira ari byiza; rekura controller, hanyuma wumve niba imodoka ihagaze ako kanya nyuma yo guhagarara mu buryo butunguranye.

2) Kugenzura imodoka izenguruka aho ngaho kandiumva nibaUbuyobozi buroroshye kandi bworoshye.

3. Moteri

Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cy'umushoferi. Dukurikije uburyo bwo kohereza ingufu, igabanyijemo moteri ya brush (yitwa kandi moteri ya worm gear) na moteri idafite brush (yitwa kandi moteri ya hub), kandi hari na moteri ya crawler (isa na traktori yo mu myaka ya mbere, itwarwa n'umukandara).

Ibyiza bya moteri ifite brushed (moteri ya turbine worm) ni uko torque ari nini, torque ni nini, kandi imbaraga zo kuyitwara zikaba zikomeye. Biroroshye kuzamuka imisozi mito, kandi gutangira no guhagarara ntibihindagurika. Ingorane ni uko igipimo cyo guhindura bateri ari gito, ni ukuvuga ko ihenze cyane, bityo intebe y'abamugaye ikoresha iyi moteri akenshi iba ifite bateri nini. Uburemere bw'imodoka yose ikoresha iyi moteri ni hagati ya 50-200 catties.

Ibyiza bya moteri idafite uburoso (moteri ifite uruziga) ni ukuzigama ingufu no guhindura amashanyarazi cyane. Bateri irimo moteri ntabwo ikeneye kuba nini cyane, bishobora kugabanya uburemere bw'imodoka. Ibyinshi mu binyabiziga bikoresha iyi moteri bipima ibiro bigera kuri 15.

Ingufu zo kohereza moteri ya crawler ni ndende cyane, zirahenze cyane, ingufu ni nke, kandi igiciro ni gito. Muri iki gihe, abakora iyi moteri ni bake cyane.

4. Bateri

Birazwi ko hari bateri za aside ya lead na bateri za lithium. Yaba bateri ya aside ya lead cyangwa bateri ya lithium, hakwiye kwitabwaho kubungabunga no kubungabunga. Iyo intebe y'abamugaye ikoresha amashanyarazi igihe kirekire idakora, igomba gusharijwa kandi igakomeza gukoreshwa. Muri rusange, ni byiza gusharija bateri nibura rimwe mu minsi 14, kuko nubwo idakoreshwa, bateri izajya ikoresha ingufu buhoro buhoro.

Iyo ugereranyije bateri ebyiri, abantu benshi bemeranya ko bateri za aside ya lead ari nke ugereranyije na bateri za lithium. Ni iki cyiza kuri bateri za lithium? Iya mbere ni yoroshye, naho iya kabiri ikaba imara igihe kirekire. Imiterere isanzwe y’amagare y’abamugaye yoroheje ni bateri za lithium, kandi igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru.

Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mu igare ry'abagendera ku magare muri rusange ni 24v, kandi ubushobozi bwa batiri ni AH. Mu bushobozi bumwe, batiri ya lithium iruta batiri ya aside ya lead. Ariko, batiri nyinshi za lithium zo mu rugo ziba hafi 10AH, kandi zimwe muri batiri za 6AH zujuje ubuziranenge bw'indege, mu gihe batiri nyinshi za aside ya lead zitangirira kuri 20AH, kandi hari 35AH, 55AH, 100AH, nibindi, bityo rero mu bijyanye n'igihe batiri imara, batiri za aside ya lead zirusha batiri za lithium imbaraga.

Bateri ya 20AH ifata aside y'icyitegererezo imara ibirometero bigera kuri 20, bateri ya 35AH ifata aside y'icyitegererezo imara ibirometero bigera kuri 30, naho bateri ya 50AH ifata aside y'icyitegererezo imara ibirometero bigera kuri 40.

Bateri za Lithium muri iki gihe zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu ntebe z'abamugaye zigendanwa, kandi zifite agaciro gake ugereranyije na bateri za aside ya lead mu bijyanye n'igihe bateri imara. Igiciro cyo gusimbuza bateri mu cyiciro cya nyuma nacyo kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'icya bateri za aside ya lead.

5. Sisitemu yo gufunga feri igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: gufunga feri hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi n'ugufunga feri hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi

Kugira ngo dusuzume ubwiza bwa feri, dushobora gupima kurekura kwa controller ku ruhande kugira ngo turebe niba izanyerera kandi ikumva uburebure bw'intera yo gufunga feri. Intera ngufi yo gufunga feri iba yoroshye kandi ifite umutekano.

Feri ya elegitoronike ishobora kandi gukoresha feri ya rukuruzi iyo batiri yapfuye, ibyo bikaba ari byiza cyane.

6. Umusego w'inyuma w'intebe y'abamugaye

Muri iki gihe, abakora inganda benshi bafite ibikoresho by'inyuma bifite ibyiciro bibiri, bishobora guhumeka

Uburebure bw'umwenda, uburemere bw'umwenda, uburyo insinga zifatanye, ubunini bw'ubukorikori, nibindi. Iyo urebye neza, uzabona icyuho.