Hamwe no gukaza umurego muri societe ishaje, imfashanyo zitagira inzitizi zinjiye buhoro buhoro mubuzima bwabasaza benshi, kandiibimuga by'amashanyarazibyahindutse kandi ubwoko bushya bwo gutwara abantu busanzwe kumuhanda.

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibimuga bwibimuga byamashanyarazi, kandi igiciro kiri hagati yamafaranga arenga 1.000 kugeza 10,000.Kugeza ubu, ku isoko hari ubwoko burenga 100 bwibirango ku isoko, hamwe n'ibikoresho bitandukanye, ibikoresho n'ubwiza.

Nigute ushobora guhitamo igare ryibimuga ryamashanyarazi kuri wewe, nigute wakwirinda kuzenguruka mugihe ugura amagare y’ibimuga, kandi ntugwe mu "rwobo"?

Ubwa mbere, wige ibimuga by'ibimuga.

01 Icyiciro cyibimuga byamashanyarazi

Icyiciro cya 1: Intebe Yumuriro Yamashanyarazi

Umuvuduko urasabwa kugenzurwa kuri 4.5km / h.Mubisanzwe, ubunini bwubu bwoko ni buto kandi imbaraga za moteri ni nkeya, ari nabwo bugena ko ubuzima bwa bateri bwubu bwoko butazaba kure cyane.Umukoresha arangiza ubuzima bwa buri munsi yigenga mu nzu.Mu izina ryicyitegererezo cyibicuruzwa, bigaragazwa ninyuguti nkuru N.

Icyiciro cya kabiri: intebe y’ibimuga yo hanze

Umuvuduko urasabwa kugenzurwa kuri 6km / h.Ubunini rusange bwubu bwoko ni bunini, imiterere yumubiri ni muremure kuruta ubwoko bwa mbere, ubushobozi bwa bateri nabwo ni bunini, kandi ubuzima bwa bateri ni burebure.Mu izina ryicyitegererezo cyibicuruzwa, bigaragazwa ninyuguti nkuru W.

Icyiciro cya gatatu:umuhanda wamugaye wibimuga

Umuvuduko urihuta cyane, kandi umuvuduko ntarengwa urasabwa kutarenza 15km / h.Moteri ikunze gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi, kandi amapine nayo arabyimbye kandi araguka.Muri rusange, ibinyabiziga nkibi bifite amatara yo hanze hamwe n’ibipimo ngenderwaho kugira ngo umutekano wo gutwara ibinyabiziga urusheho kuba mwiza.Mwizina ryibicuruzwa byerekana ibicuruzwa, bigaragazwa ninyuguti nkuru L mu gishinwa Pinyin.

Ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2012, Ubushinwa bwatanze ubuziranenge bw’igihugu GB / T12996-2012 ku igare ry’ibimuga.Ku ntebe z’ibimuga byo mu nzu, hanze n’umuhanda, amazina yicyitegererezo, ibisabwa hejuru, ibisabwa byiteranirizo, ibipimo nibikorwa bisabwa, imbaraga zisabwa, kutagira umuriro, ikirere, ingufu nigenzura rya sisitemu hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa mubizamini n'amabwiriza yo kugenzura, inyandiko no gutangaza amakuru, gushira akamenyetso hamwe no gupakira ibisabwa kumuga wibimuga byose birasobanuwe kandi birakenewe.

Abaguzi benshi ntibazi byinshi ku igare ry’ibimuga ry’amashanyarazi, ibicuruzwa by’ubuvuzi, kandi basuzuma gusa ubuziranenge bareba gusa isura cyangwa igurishwa ry’urubuga rwa e-bucuruzi kugeza batanze itegeko.Nyamara, abakoresha benshi bazabona ahantu henshi hadashimishije nyuma yo kwakira ibicuruzwa.

Iyo abantu benshi baguze igare ryabo ryambere ryamashanyarazi, mubisanzwe batangirira gusa kubintu byoroshye, bakanareba urumuri, guhindagurika, hamwe nububiko mumitiba, nibindi, kandi ntibatekereze kukibazo ukurikije ibyo bakeneye buri munsi. y'abakoresha.

Ihumure, imbaraga, ubuzima bwa bateri yintebe y’ibimuga y’amashanyarazi, kimwe no guhagarara no kugenzura sisitemu yimodoka yose, akenshi ni amezi make, nyuma yigihe cyo gukoresha, umuryango uzabona ibitekerezo.

Abakoresha benshi bazatekereza kugura intebe zamashanyarazi kunshuro ya kabiri.Nyuma yuburambe bwa mbere, barashobora kumva neza ibyo bakeneye kandi bakabona intebe zamashanyarazi zibakwiriye.Ibyinshi mubigura bya kabiri ni moderi yo hanze.n'ubwoko bw'umuhanda.

02 Imiterere yintebe y’ibimuga

Intebe y’ibimuga y’amashanyarazi igizwe ahanini nibice bikurikira: ikadiri nkuru, umugenzuzi, moteri, bateri, nibindi bikoresho nka paje yinyuma.

Ibikurikira, reka turebe buri gice cyibikoresho ~

1. Ikadiri nyamukuru

Ikadiri nyamukuru igena igishushanyo mbonera, ubugari bwo hanze, ubugari bwintebe, uburebure bwo hanze, uburebure bwinyuma hamwe nimikorere yintebe y’ibimuga.

Ibikoresho birashobora kugabanywamo umuyoboro wibyuma, aluminiyumu, aluminiyumu yindege, hamwe na moderi zimwe na zimwe zo murwego rwohejuru zitangira gukoresha ibikoresho bya fibre fibre.Ibyinshi mubikoresho bisanzwe ku isoko ni imiyoboro yicyuma na aluminiyumu.

Igiciro cyibikoresho byicyuma ni gito, kandi kwikorera imitwaro ntabwo ari bibi.Ikibi ni uko ari kinini, cyoroshye kubora no kwangirika mu mazi n’ibidukikije, kandi bifite ubuzima bwigihe gito.

Intebe nyinshi z’ibimuga zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha aluminiyumu, yoroshye kuruta imiyoboro yicyuma kandi ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa.

Imbaraga zifatika, urumuri no kurwanya ruswa yindege ya titanium alloy iruta ibiri yambere.Nyamara, bitewe nigiciro cyibikoresho, kuri ubu ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu magare y’ibimuga yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi yikururwa, kandi igiciro nacyo gihenze.

Usibye ibikoresho bigize ikadiri nkuru, ibisobanuro byibindi bice bigize umubiri wimodoka hamwe nuburyo bwo gusudira nabyo bigomba kubahirizwa, nka: ibikoresho byose, ibikoresho byose, uburebure bwibintu, niba ibisobanuro bitoroshye, niba ingingo zo gusudira zisa. , hamwe nuburyo butondekanye cyane bwo gusudira, nibyiza.Amategeko yo gutondekanya asa niminzani y amafi nibyiza, byitwa kandi amafi yo gusudira mu nganda, kandi iyi nzira niyo ikomeye.Niba igice cyo gusudira kitaringaniye cyangwa hakaba hasohotse gusudira, bizagenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro umutekano mukoresha igihe.

Igikorwa cyo gusudira ni ihuriro ryingenzi kugirango harebwe niba ibicuruzwa byakozwe n’uruganda runini, niba bikomeye kandi bifite inshingano, no gutanga ibicuruzwa bifite ubuziranenge n'ubwinshi.

2. Umugenzuzi

Igenzura nigice cyibanze cyibimuga byamashanyarazi, kimwe ninziga yimodoka, ubwiza bwayo bugena neza nubuzima bwimikorere yintebe yimashanyarazi.Umugenzuzi muri rusange agabanijwemo: umugenzuzi wo hejuru hamwe nu mugenzuzi wo hasi.

Abacuruzi benshi batumizwa mu mahanga bagizwe n'abagenzuzi bo hejuru n'abari munsi, kandi ibirango byinshi byo mu gihugu bifite abagenzuzi bo hejuru.Ibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe cyane bitumizwa mu mahanga ni Dynamic Igenzura hamwe na tekinoroji ya PG Drives.Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga nibyiza kuruta ibyo mu gihugu, kandi igiciro nigiciro nacyo kiri hejuru.Mubisanzwe bafite ibikoresho byintebe yamashanyarazi yo hagati kandi yohejuru.

Kugenzura gusa ubuziranenge bwumugenzuzi, urashobora kugerageza ibikorwa bibiri bikurikira:

1) Fungura amashanyarazi, usunike umugenzuzi, hanyuma wumve niba intangiriro yoroshye;kurekura umugenzuzi, hanyuma wumve niba imodoka ihagarara ako kanya nyuma yo guhagarara gitunguranye.

2) Kugenzura imodoka izunguruka ahabigenewe kandiumva nibakuyobora biroroshye kandi byoroshye.

3. Moteri

Nibyingenzi bigize shoferi.Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, igabanyijemo ahanini moteri ya brush (nanone yitwa moteri yinyo yinyo) na moteri idafite amashanyarazi (nanone yitwa moteri ya hub), kandi hariho na moteri yikurura (isa na traktor mumyaka yambere, itwarwa n'umukandara).

Ibyiza bya moteri yasunitswe (moteri yinzoka ya turbine) nuko torque nini, torque nini, kandi imbaraga zo gutwara zikomeye.Biroroshye kuzamuka ahantu hakeye, kandi gutangira no guhagarara birahagaze neza.Ikibi ni uko igipimo cyo guhindura bateri ari gito, ni ukuvuga ko gihenze ugereranije, bityo igare ry’ibimuga rikoresha iyi moteri akenshi riba rifite bateri nini nini.Uburemere bwikinyabiziga cyose ukoresheje iyi moteri ni catti 50-200.

Ibyiza bya moteri idafite amashanyarazi (moteri ya moteri ya moteri) ni ukuzigama ingufu nigipimo kinini cyo guhindura amashanyarazi.Batare ifite moteri ntabwo ikeneye kuba nini cyane, ishobora kugabanya uburemere bwikinyabiziga.Imodoka nyinshi zikoresha iyi moteri ipima ibiro 50.

Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya moteri yikurura ni birebire cyane, birahenze cyane, ingufu zirakomeye, kandi ikiguzi ni gito.Kugeza ubu, abahinguzi bake ni bo bakoresha iyi moteri.

4. Bateri

Birazwi neza ko hari bateri ya aside-aside na batiri ya lithium.Yaba bateri ya aside-aside cyangwa batiri ya lithium, hagomba kwitonderwa kubungabunga no kubungabunga.Iyo intebe y’ibimuga idafite amashanyarazi igihe kinini, igomba kwishyurwa no kubungabungwa buri gihe.Mubisanzwe, birasabwa kwishyuza bateri byibuze rimwe muminsi 14, kuko niyo idakoreshwa, bateri izagenda ikoresha buhoro buhoro.

Iyo ugereranije bateri ebyiri, abantu benshi bemeza ko bateri ya aside-aside iruta bateri ya lithium.Niki cyiza kuri bateri ya lithium?Iya mbere iroroshye, naho iyakabiri ifite ubuzima burebure.Ibyinshi muburyo busanzwe bwibimuga byoroheje byamashanyarazi ni bateri ya lithium, kandi igiciro nacyo kiri hejuru.

Umuvuduko wintebe yibimuga yamashanyarazi ni 24v, kandi nubushobozi bwa bateri ni AH.Mubushobozi bumwe, bateri ya lithium iruta bateri ya aside-aside.Nyamara, bateri nyinshi za lithium zo murugo ziri hafi ya 10AH, kandi bateri zigera kuri 6AH zujuje ubuziranenge bwindege, mugihe bateri nyinshi za aside-aside zitangirira kuri 20AH, kandi hariho 35AH, 55AH, 100AH, nibindi, kubijyanye rero nubuzima bwa bateri, kuyobora -ibikoresho bya acide Birakomeye kuruta bateri ya lithium.

Batare ya 20AH ya aside-acide imara ibirometero bigera kuri 20, bateri ya 35AH ya aside-aside ikora nka kilometero 30, naho batiri ya 50AH ya aside-aside ikamara kilometero 40.

Batteri ya Litiyumu kuri ubu ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu magare y’ibimuga y’amashanyarazi, kandi ugereranije ni munsi ya bateri ya aside-aside mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwa bateri.Igiciro cyo gusimbuza bateri mubyiciro byanyuma nacyo kiri hejuru ugereranije na bateri ya aside-aside.

5. Sisitemu yo gufata feri igabanijwemo feri ya electronique na feri yo kurwanya

Kugirango tumenye ubwiza bwa feri, turashobora kugerageza kurekura umugenzuzi kumurongo kugirango turebe niba bizanyerera kandi twumve uburebure bwa feri ya feri.Intera ngufi ya feri irasa cyane kandi itekanye.

Feri ya electromagnetic irashobora kandi gukoresha feri ya magneti mugihe bateri yapfuye, bikaba bifite umutekano.

6. Intebe yintebe yintebe yinyuma

Kugeza ubu, abayikora benshi bafite ibikoresho bibiri byinyuma byinyuma, bihumeka

uburinganire bwimyenda, impagarara yimyenda, ibisobanuro birambuye, ubwiza bwubukorikori, nibindi. Urebye neza, uzabona icyuho.