Igare ry'abagendera ku magare rikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi rigenda ryoroshya ubuzima kuko ritanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu ku buryo budasanzwe. Igare nk'irya WHILL Model F rigenda munsi y'amasegonda atatu rigapima ibiro biri munsi ya 53, mu gihe andi, nka EW-M45, apima ibiro 59 gusa. Kubera ko ikiguzi cy'abagendera ku magare ku isi kigenda cyiyongera ku kigero cya 11.5% ku mwaka, izi gare z'abagendera ku magare zigenda zizunguruka zihindura uburyo bwo kugenda.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Igare ry'abamugaye rikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi rishobora kunyungwafasha abakoresha kugenda byoroshye no gukora ingendo nziza.
• Ibikoresho bikomeye ariko byorohejeKimwe na fibre ya karuboni, bituma biramba kandi byoroshye gutwara.
• Guhitamo intebe nziza ifunguka bivuze gutekereza ku buremere, uburyo ibikwamo, n'uko ijyanye n'ingendo.

Ubwoko bw'uburyo bwo kuzingira mu ntebe z'abamugaye zikoresha amashanyarazi

Imiterere mito yo gupfunyika

Imiterere mito yo kuzingira ni myiza ku bakoresha bashyira imbere uburyo bwo gutwara no koroshya imodoka. Izi ntebe z'abamugaye zigabanuka zikaba nto, bigatuma zoroha kuzibika ahantu hato nko mu bikapu by'imodoka cyangwa mu byumba by'imyenda. Imiterere yazo yibanda ku bworoshye, bigatuma abayikoresha bazingira kandi bafungura vuba intebe y'abamugaye badakeneye ibikoresho cyangwa ubufasha.

Imiterere mito ikunzwe cyane n'abakoresha ingendo kenshi cyangwa batuye mu mijyi aho umwanya ari muto. Nanone ishimisha abayitaho, kuko inyubako yoroheje igabanya imbaraga zisabwa mu gutwara amagare y'abamugaye.

Iyi miterere ifite uburinganire hagati yo kugurwa no gukora neza, bigatuma abakoresha benshi bayihitamo neza.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gupfunyika

Igare ryoroheje rizingiramo amagare rikoreshwa n'amashanyarazibyakozwe mu bikoresho nka fibre ya karubone na aluminiyumu kugira ngo bigabanye uburemere bitabangamiye kuramba. Izi moderi ni nziza ku bakoresha bakeneye intebe y'abamugaye yoroshye guterura no gutwara.

• Fibre ya karuboni itanga igipimo cyo hejuru cy’imbaraga hagati y’uburemere, bigatuma amagare y’abamugaye aguma akomeye mu gihe aroroshye.
• Irwanya ingese, bigatuma ikwiriye ahantu hatose cyangwa hanze.
• Bitandukanye na aluminiyumu, fibre ya karuboni ikomeza gukora neza mu bushyuhe bukabije, ikarinda kwangirika cyangwa gucika intege uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Izi ngingo zituma uburyo bworoshye bwo kuzingiramo buhinduka amahitamo yizewe ku bakoresha buri munsi bakundakuramba no koroshya gutwara.

Uburyo bwo kuzingira bushingiye ku gusenya

Uburyo bwo kuzingira bushingiye ku gusibanganya butuma imodoka zigenda neza kurushaho. Aho kuzingira mu buryo buto, izi ntebe z'abamugaye zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bito. Iyi miterere ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku bakoresha bakeneye gushyira intebe zabo mu mwanya muto cyangwa ingendo zifite uburyo buke bwo kubika ibintu.

Inyigo y'urugero igaragaza imikorere myiza y'iyi nzira. Urufatiro rw'ikigare, rukozwe mu cyuma cya aluminiyumu, rutuma imiterere yoroheje ariko rugakomeza gukomera. Moteri z'amashanyarazi zihuzwa neza, kandi uburyo bwo kuzifunga butuma ikigare gikomeza gukoreshwa. Ibi bituma imiterere ishingiye ku gusenya ikora neza kandi yizewe ku bakoresha bashyira imbere uburyo bwo gutwara abantu.

Abakoresha bakunze guhitamo ubu buryo mu ngendo ndende cyangwa iyo ahantu ho kubika ibintu ari hato cyane. Nubwo gusenya bisaba imbaraga nyinshi kuruta kuzipfunyika bisanzwe, uburyo bworoshye butanga butuma biba ingirakamaro.

Akamaro ko kugira intebe y'abamugaye ikora ku mashanyarazi igenda ipfunyika

Uburyo bwo gutwara abantu mu ngendo

Kugenda n'ikimuga cy'abamugaye bishobora kugorana, ariko kubyimbaamagare y'abamugaye akoresha amashanyarazibyoroshya cyane. Izi ntebe z'abamugaye zagenewe gushwanyagurika zikaba nto, bigatuma abazikoresha bazibika mu modoka, mu bikapu by'imizigo y'indege, cyangwa mu byumba bya gari ya moshi. Ubu buryo bwo gutwara buha abakoresha umudendezo wo gusura ahantu hashya batitaye ku bikoresho binini.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Barton et al. (2014) bwagaragaje ko 74% by'abakoresha bakoresha ibikoresho byo kugenda nko kuzingira amagare y'abamugaye akoresha amashanyarazi mu ngendo. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko 61% by'abakoresha bumvaga ko ibyo bikoresho byoroshye kubikoresha, mu gihe 52% bavuze ko birushaho kumererwa neza mu ngendo. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe na May et al. (2010) bwagaragaje uburyo izi gare z'abamugaye zongerera ubushobozi bwo kugenda no kwigenga, bigatuma ubuzima bwiza bw'abakoresha burushaho kuba bwiza.

Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza uburyo amagare y'abamugaye akoreshwa n'amashanyarazi apfunyika afasha abayikoresha kugenda neza kandi mu mutekano.

Ububiko buzigama umwanya

Kimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe biranga intebe y'abamugaye ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo kuzigama umwanya. Haba mu rugo, mu modoka, cyangwa muri hoteli, izi ntebe z'abamugaye zishobora kuzingwa no kubikwa ahantu hato. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku bantu batuye mu mazu cyangwa mu ngo zifite ahantu hato ho kubika ibintu.

Bitandukanye n'intebe z'abamugaye zisanzwe, akenshi zikenera ibyumba byabugenewe byo kubikamo ibintu, imiterere ipfunyika ishobora gushyirwa mu kabati, munsi y'ibitanda, cyangwa inyuma y'inzugi. Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma abakoresha bashobora kugumana intebe zabo z'abamugaye hafi yabo badasize ibintu byinshi aho baba. Ku miryango cyangwa ababitaho, iyi mikorere igabanya stress yo gushaka ibisubizo byo kubika ibintu, bigatuma ubuzima bwa buri munsi burushaho kuba bwiza.

Byoroshye gukoresha ku barera n'abakoresha

Igare ry'abamugaye rikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi ntiryoroshye kurikoresha gusa, ahubwo ryakozwe hagamijwe kwita ku babitaho. Ingeri nyinshi zifite uburyo bworoshye bwo kuzingira no kuzifungura vuba, akenshi hakoreshejwe ukuboko kumwe gusa.byoroshye gukoreshabivuze ko abarera abana bashobora kwibanda cyane ku gufasha umukoresha aho kwihatira gukoresha ibikoresho.

Ku bakoresha, imiterere y’akagare ibafasha gukoresha neza abafite ubumuga. Ibikoresho byoroheje n’uburyo bwo kugenzura imiterere y’akagare bituma izi ntebe zoroshye kuzikoresha, ndetse no mu mwanya wuzuye abantu cyangwa muto. Byaba ari ukugenda ku kibuga cy’indege kirimo abantu benshi cyangwa se mu nzu nto, izi ntebe zo mu kagare zihura n’ibyo umukoresha akeneye mu buryo bworoshye.

Inama:Mu gihe uhitamo intebe y'abamugaye ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi, shakisha ubwoko bufite uburyo bwo kuzingira bwikora. Ibi bishobora kuzigama umwanya n'imbaraga, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'urugendo cyangwa mu bihe byihutirwa.

Binyuze mu guhuza uburyo bwo gutwara abantu, uburyo bwo kuzigama umwanya, no koroshya ikoreshwa, amagare y'abamugaye akoreshwa n'amashanyarazi atanga igisubizo gifatika cyo kongera ubushobozi bwo kugenda no koroshya ubuzima bwa buri munsi.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwitaho mu gihe uhitamo intebe y'abamugaye ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi

Uburemere n'uburambe

Uburemere n'uburambebigira uruhare runini mu guhitamo amagare y'abamugaye akoreshwa n'amashanyarazi apfunyika neza. Moderi zoroheje zoroshye guterura no gutwara, ariko zigomba kandi kuba zikomeye bihagije kugira ngo zikoreshwe buri munsi. Injeniyeri zigerageza ayo magare kugira ngo zirebe ko afite imbaraga, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingaruka, ndetse n'umunaniro kugira ngo zirebe ko zujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo zirambe.

Moteri za magnet zihoraho za DC zitagira brushless akenshi zikundwa kubera kuramba kwazo no gukora neza. Izi moteri zimara igihe kirekire kandi zifasha kongera igihe bateri imara, bigatuma ziba amahitamo meza ku bakoresha bakeneye imikorere yizewe.

Guhuza n'uburyo bwo gutwara abantu

Akagare gakoresha amashanyarazi gakwiye kujya neza mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu. Amategeko agenga ubwikorezi rusange atuma abakoresha amagare babasha kugera aho bari, ariko si ko amagare yose ahuye neza.

• Igice cya 37.55: Gare za gari ya moshi zigomba kuba zigendwa n'abantu bafite ubumuga.
• Igice cya 37.61: Gahunda zo gutwara abantu mu bigo bihari zigomba kwakira abakoresha amagare y'abamugaye.
• Igice cya 37.71: Bisi nshya zaguzwe nyuma ya 25 Kanama 1990, zigomba kuba zigendwa n'abamugaye.
• Igice cya 37.79: Imodoka zihuta cyangwa ziciriritse zaguzwe nyuma ya 25 Kanama 1990, zigomba kuba zujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo zigerweho.
• Igice cya 37.91: Serivisi za gari ya moshi zihuza umujyi zigomba gutanga ahantu hagenewe amagare y'abamugaye.

Mu gihe cyo guhitamo intebe y'abamugaye, abakoresha bagomba kugenzura ko ihuye n'izi sisitemu. Imiterere nk'uburyo bwo kuzingira buto n'imiterere yoroheje ituma byoroha gutwara abantu no kubika intebe y'abamugaye mu gihe cy'urugendo.

Guhuza batiri na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi

Imikorere ya batiriIkindi kintu cy'ingenzi ni uko amagare y'abamugaye akoresha amashanyarazi ahindagurika yishingikiriza ku buryo bw'amashanyarazi bukora neza kugira ngo akore neza kandi akoreshwe igihe kirekire. Bateri za Lithium-ion zikunzwe kubera imiterere yazo yoroheje, zikora vuba kandi zikora neza.

Imishinga nk'iy'iterambere rya Nickel-Zinc na sisitemu za supercapacitor hybrid igamije kunoza umutekano wa bateri, ingaruka ku bidukikije, no kwihuta mu gushyushya. Izi ntambwe zifasha abayikoresha kwishimira kugenda neza no kuba inyangamugayo mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.

Igare ry'abamugaye rikoresha amashanyarazi rigenda ryoroshya ingendo ku bakoresha baha agaciro koroherwa. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzingiramo, nk'imiterere mito cyangwa uburyo bwo kuzikuraho, bufasha mu bintu byihariye. Guhitamo icyitegererezo gikwiye birimo gupima ibintu nko gupima uburemere, kubika no gutwara. Izi gare ziha abakoresha ubushobozi bwo kugenda mu buzima bworoshye kandi mu bwisanzure.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ese amagare yose y'abamugaye ashobora gupfunyika?

Igare ry'abamugaye rikoresha amashanyarazi si ko rigenda rihinduka. Hari ubwoko bumwe bushyira imbere ubwiza cyangwa imiterere ihanitse kuruta ubwikorezi bwo gutwara.reba ibisabwa ku bicuruzwambere yo kugura.

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kuzingira intebe y'abamugaye ikoresha amashanyarazi?

Ingendo nyinshi z'abamugaye zikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi zigwa mu masegonda make. Moderi zifite uburyo bwikora zihita zigwa vuba, mu gihe imiterere y'intoki ishobora gufata igihe kirekire.

Ese amagare y'abamugaye akoreshwa n'amashanyarazi araramba?

Yego, amagare y'abamugaye akoreshwa n'amashanyarazi azungurukaibikoresho bikomeye nka aluminiyumucyangwa fibre ya karuboni. Bikorerwa isuzuma rikomeye kugira ngo birambe mu ikoreshwa rya buri munsi.

Inama:Shaka moderi zifite icyemezo cya ANSI/RESNA kugira ngo wongere ubwizerwe.